Summary about Disease
Infantile colic is defined as excessive, frequent crying in a baby who appears otherwise healthy and well-fed. While distressing for parents, it's generally considered a benign, self-limiting condition. It's diagnosed when there's no other apparent medical reason for the crying.
Symptoms
Intense crying spells that may seem like screaming or expressing pain.
Crying that occurs for at least 3 hours a day, 3 days a week, for at least 3 weeks (the "rule of threes").
Crying episodes often occur in the late afternoon or evening.
Physical signs during crying spells may include a flushed face, clenched fists, drawing legs up to the abdomen, or arching the back.
Baby is otherwise feeding well and gaining weight normally.
Causes
The exact cause of infantile colic is unknown. Contributing factors may include:
Gas/Digestive discomfort: Immature digestive system, sensitivity to certain foods (in breastfed or formula-fed babies), or difficulty digesting lactose.
Temperament: Some babies are simply more sensitive or have a harder time self-soothing.
Overstimulation: Overwhelmed by environmental stimuli.
Changes in Gut Microbiome: An imbalance of bacteria in the baby’s digestive system.
Parental stress or anxiety: The baby may sense and react to parental stress.
Acid Reflux: In some babies, colic can be due to acid reflux.
Medicine Used
There's no specific medication to "cure" colic. Treatments focus on managing symptoms and providing comfort. Some interventions a doctor might suggest include:
Simethicone drops (Gas drops): These may help break up gas bubbles.
Probiotics: May help improve gut health.
Acid reflux medication: If acid reflux is suspected as a cause.
Gripe water: Use with caution and be aware of ingredients; not consistently effective. It is important to seek a pediatrician's approval prior to administering any medication.
Is Communicable
No, infantile colic is not communicable (not contagious).
Precautions
Rule out other medical conditions: Consult a doctor to ensure the crying isn't due to another medical issue.
Proper feeding techniques: Ensure correct latch during breastfeeding and proper nipple size for bottle feeding to reduce air intake.
Burp the baby frequently: After and during feeds.
Avoid overfeeding:
Dietary considerations: If breastfeeding, the mother may try eliminating certain foods (dairy, caffeine, spicy foods) from her diet to see if it helps. If formula-fed, consider hypoallergenic formulas under doctor's supervision.
Safe sleep practices: Always place the baby on their back to sleep.
Manage parental stress: Seek support from family, friends, or support groups.
Never shake the baby: Frustration can be overwhelming, but shaking a baby can cause serious brain damage or death.
How long does an outbreak last?
Colic typically resolves on its own. Symptoms usually start within the first few weeks of life and peak around 6-8 weeks of age. In most cases, colic symptoms improve significantly by 3-4 months of age, and disappear completely by 6 months.
How is it diagnosed?
Colic is diagnosed clinically, based on the baby's symptoms and after ruling out other potential medical causes for the excessive crying. There are no specific tests for colic. The doctor will perform a physical exam and ask about the baby's feeding habits, bowel movements, sleep patterns, and overall behavior. The "rule of threes" (crying for at least 3 hours a day, 3 days a week, for at least 3 weeks) is often used as a guideline.
Timeline of Symptoms
Onset: Usually begins in the first few weeks of life (around 2-4 weeks).
Peak: Symptoms typically peak around 6-8 weeks of age.
Resolution: Symptoms usually improve significantly between 3-4 months of age and resolve entirely by 6 months.
Important Considerations
Colic is a common and usually benign condition.
Parental stress and anxiety are common when dealing with a colicky baby. Seeking support is crucial.
Never hesitate to contact a doctor if you are concerned about your baby's health or if the crying is accompanied by other symptoms like fever, vomiting, diarrhea, or poor feeding.
Rule out other medical issues that may be causing crying such as infections.
Consider food allergies (cow's milk protein allergy) or intolerances, as well as acid reflux.
While colic is not life-threatening, always remember the importance of safe sleep and to never shake your baby.